Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Antwerp (KMSKA) by KAAN Architecten

KMSKA

KAAN Architecten has worked intensively on the complex masterplan, renovation and extension of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Antwerp (Belgium), also known as KMSKA ( Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen ), bringing contemporary allure to a glorious, overlooked beauty of the 19th century.

Rising above the remains of the 16th century citadel and intertwined within the remarkable star-shaped urban fabric, the museum was originally designed in the 19th century by architects Jacob Winders and Frans van Dyck. KMSKA was conceived as a daylight museum, where visitors would enjoy a promenade surrounded by stunning artworks as well as the external landscape, witnessed through its multiple lookouts over the city and the inner patios.

In the early 2000’s, while KAAN Architecten started working on the museum’s masterplan, renovation and extension, the southern neighbourhood of Antwerp began to progressively gain greater value through public investments and urban transformation. One of the architects’ most intrepid initiatives was to completely conceal the extension of the museum within its existing inner structure.

KMSKA is now divided into three realms: a public entrance area, central exhibition spaces and offices at the rear side of the building. From Leopold de Wael square, a grand staircase grants access to the museum: large restored oak doors open onto the entrance hall, which features several museum facilities such as an interactive information zone, a café, an auditorium, a bookshop with a coffee corner and a circular staircase to the street floor level where a library, a cloakroom and a second entrance for large groups are located.

The entrance hall leads to the majestic de Keyserzaal, named after artist Nicaise de Keyser, which serves the pivotal role of introducing the visitors to two different routes and experiences: one, going up the grand staircase, leads to the main floor of the renovated 19th century museum; the other, continuing straight ahead, leads visitors to the new 21st century museum. While visiting the historical museum, guests walk through an enfilade of exhibition rooms tinted in dark pink, green and red; oak doors, tall columns and ceiling ornaments in plasterwork collectively convey a feeling of ancient grandeur.

The colour palette chosen during the renovation process directly relates to the museum’s original colours. On the first floor, large windows visually connect the bright yet modest interiors with the surroundings, while on the second floor, the main halls are lit by wide glass canopies and equipped with elegant sofas for those enjoying the art masters. The impressive Rubens and Van Dyck halls will host some of the highlights of the collection and are therefore positioned at the very core of the building.

The collection depot has been relocated inside the original location of the air-raid shelter bunker underneath the two main exhibition halls, at the street level. Extra-large paintings, taller than the high doors, can travel from the depot through one of the original 19th century hatches to the upper floors. From this position and following a specific route, a track of slender vertical hatches can deliver the paintings to the contiguous halls.

Continuing their visit through the museum, visitors approach the new 21st century exhibition space, a completely autonomous venue, built within the four original patios and wisely unfolding at the heart of the museum’s structure. These spaces consist of bright white exhibition halls, where daylight beams in form 198 triple triangulated north-facing roof elements located on the top hall and flooding through
four large light wells, measuring up to 23 metres floor-to-ceiling.

These skylights are designed to guide and diffuse the light, and their structure also features additional lighting to compensate for the seasonal loss of daylight. The three-dimensional urethane high-gloss floors of the new museum enhance the dazzling effect of these spaces. A sequence of strong vertical spatial experiences dematerialize the visitor’s experience and juxtapose it with the historical identity of the building.

Where the new extension ‘cuts’ the museum’s solid mass, subtle marble inlays have been added, echoing the elegant 19 th century museum’s materiality. A long, impressive linear staircase connects the new exhibition halls on the first floor to those located on the top floor, also granting access to an intermediate floor, which is dedicated to displaying delicate artworks such as etchings and drawings. These dark cabinets are also visible through the four lightwells and are characterized by intense dark blue.

The chosen colour scheme is related to the original colour palette but uses brighter variations. In order to allocate the necessary space for the new museum premises and its advanced technical installation, careful decisions have been taken, such as shifting the position of the original wall between the Rubens and Van Dyck halls in order to bridge the blue cabinets and the new exhibition halls above.

Another remarkable feature of the renovation is the 5,5 x 9 metre pivoting wall on the first floor that can rotate to facilitate logistic flows and to allow artworks or large objects to access the wide art-elevator. KAAN Architecten has created an architectural concept for KMSKA that takes the form of an enchanting journey where visitors explore the two contrasting and dialoguing museums, which unveil themselves little by little. Source by KAAN Architecten.

  • Location: Leopold de Waelplaats 2, Antwerp, Belgium
  • Architect: KAAN Architecten
  • Principal: Kees Kaan, Vincent Panhuysen, Dikkie Scipio
  • Senior Project Leader: Walter Hoogerwerf
  • Project Team: Valentina Bencic, Maicol Cardelli, Alice Colombo, Aksel Çoruh, Davis de Cos Roman, Sebastian van Damme, Paolo Faleschini, Raluca Firicel, Eva French i Gilabert, Michael Geensen, Narine Gyulkhasyan, Marco Jongmans, Martina Margini, Giuseppe Mazzaglia, Laura Ospina, Maurizio Papa, Ismael Planelles Naya, Giacomo Rizzi, Ralph van Schipper, Kim Sneyders, Koen van Tienen, Niels Vernooij, Martin Zwinggi
  • Primary Client: Departement Cultuur, Jeugd en Media (Vlaamse Overheid)
  • Mandated Client: Het Facilitair Bedrijf (Vlaamse Overheid)
  • Contractor: P. Roegiers & co nv, Kruibeke, THV Artes Roegiers – Artes Woudenberg, Kruibeke / Brugge
  • Management: KAAN Architecten, in collaboration with Bureau Bouwtechniek
  • Structural Engineer, Technical Installations: Royal Haskoning DHV, Rotterdam
  • Physics, Fire Control: Royal Haskoning DHV, Rotterdam; Bureau Bouwtechniek, KAAN Architecten
  • Lights and Acoustics: Royal Haskoning DHV, Rotterdam; KAAN Architecten
  • Restauration Advisor: Architectenbureau Fritz, Eperheide; KAAN Architecten
  • GFA: 30.000 sqm
  • Project Costs: 66 Mln €
  • Year: 2021
  • Photographs: Stijn Bollaert, Karin Borghouts, Sebastian van Damme, Mediamixer, Courtesy of KAAN Architecten

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